计算机辅助声强测量法识别车辆主要噪声源

描述了计算机辅助声强测量原理，并利用计算机声强测试系统及声强分析择小客车进行了声强测量和声场分析，给出了小客车车外声的三维声强图、等声强图及其频谱图，方便地识别出了小客车主要噪声原。为这种喾车车外噪声控制提供了依据。     

减弱光照强度对水稻叶片气孔性状的影响

采用改良刮制法研究了典型粳稻，典型籼稻，偏籼型，偏粳型和陆稻等10个水稻品种的气孔性状，研究结果发现，剑叶的气孔密度在水稻类型间和品种间具有明显差异。是一个品种特性，光照强度减弱使各品种上三叶的气孔密度明显减少。其原因是由于叶面积增大，气孔行数减少和每一行中相邻气孔间距离增大共同作用的结果。品种不同，其气孔密度对光强变化的反应亦不同，光照强度减弱对剑叶气孔大小有显影响。     

安徽省肥西县家兔球虫感染情况初步调查

对安徽省肥西县不同地区的家兔球虫种类及感染情况进行调查,结果表明该地区家兔球虫感染率为100%,并均为混合感染。鉴定出9种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),即大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.exigua)、中型艾美耳球虫(E.media)、松林艾美耳球虫(E.matsubayashii)、肠艾美耳球虫(E.intestinalis)和那格浦耳艾美耳球虫(E.nagpurensis),并对家兔球虫的感染强度和优势虫种等进行了记述。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

红蓝LED光照强度对茶树生长及生物化学成分的影响

以‘黔湄601’一年生茶树苗为试材,光量比为1∶3的LED红蓝光作为光源,探讨不同光照强度对茶树幼苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及生物化学成分的变化趋势,探索茶树苗生长发育对光强的响应机制。采用LED精准调节光质和光强,设置50μmol·m-2·s-1、100μmol·m-2·s-1、150μmol·m-2·s-1、200μmol·m-2·s-14个处理。结果表明,不同光强处理15 d后,50μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶色素含量的增加及Ca/Cb值的降低;100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的降低及氨基酸含量的增加,酚氨比值最低;150μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度对茶树叶重增加有促进作用;200μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的增加和氨基酸、光合色素含量的减少;酚氨比值最高,光合色素含量最低。红蓝LED光照强度过低、过高都不利于茶叶品质形成,综合考虑,100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度最有利于茶叶功能成分的积累,是茶叶LED光源设施栽培的理想光照强度。本研究结果对于设施茶树种植具有重要的参考意义。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。     

Influence of light intensity on biofilm formation and the performance of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles reared in cages

A reduction in light intensity may increase shrimp activity, although it may also negatively affect the development of photoautotrophic organisms present in biofilm, an important natural food source for shrimp. This experiment evaluated the influence of light intensity on biofilm development and on the growth of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles. Six cages were deployed in a shrimp culture pond and stocked with 60 juveniles (0.72 ± 0.03 g). Three cages were randomly chosen and covered with five layers of polyamide net to reduce light incidence (shaded treatment), while the other three cages were not covered (control treatment). Biofilm chlorophyll a and microorganism abundance, as well as shrimp growth, were monitored during the experiment. Chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of bacteria and flagellates were significantly lower in the shaded treatment (P<0.05). After 75 rearing days, shrimp stocked in control treatment achieved significantly higher (5.98 g) (P<0.05) mean weight than shrimp reared in shaded treatment cages (5.13 g). Similarly, the biomass produced was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment (322.92 g) than in the shaded treatment (287.31 g). The results of this study demonstrate that light intensity has a huge influence on shrimp performance mainly due to the increase in natural food availability.     

光照强度对沉水植物生长和光合作用影响的研究进展

沉水植物作为重要的初级生产者,在水生生态系统中有着非常重要的作用。沉水植物的生长和分布受到诸多环境因子的影响,其中水下光照强度、水温和矿质元素等是重要的因子。本文综述了光照强度对沉水植物生长和光合作用影响的研究进展,总结了沉水植物对弱光在形态和生理上的适应机制,并对目前研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步开展沉水植物生理生态学研究及受损生物群落的恢复提供科学参考。     

电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼行为特性与血清离子浓度的影响

研究了不同强度电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼行为特性与血清离子浓度的影响。西伯利亚鲟电麻醉阶段包括部分失去平衡期、完全失去平衡期、完全麻醉期和鳃动停止期等4个时期。电麻醉时西伯利亚鲟呈现趋阳性;随着电压升高,到达各麻醉阶段时间与恢复时间逐渐缩短。西伯利亚鲟到达完全麻醉期时间在15 V、20 V、25 V、35 V组间均有显著差异,在30 V与35 V时分别仅为97.0 s和68.8 s,而恢复时间为0 s。各试验组西伯利亚鲟在电麻醉时鳃动频率均增加,而恢复阶段均降低。电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟摄食与活动状态均无显著影响。随着电压升高,钾离子与镁离子浓度先下降后上升,钙离子则先上升后下降。钠离子与氯离子浓度变化较大,均是15 V组时浓度最低,20 V时浓度最高。磷离子浓度呈现增高趋势。pH值在麻醉后降低,对照组与其余各组均有显著性差异。因此西伯利亚鲟幼鱼适宜电麻醉强度为25~30 V,电麻醉是种较好的麻醉方法,具有广泛的应用前景。